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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 23(6): 381-387, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089317

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Setting: Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) can result in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) since hepatotoxic metabolites are formed during the biotransformation of isoniazid (INH).DILI can be related to the genetic profile of the patient. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 gene and GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms have been associated with adverse events caused by INH. Objective: To characterize the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 in TB carriers. Design: This is an observational prospective cohort study of 45 patients undergoing treatment of TB. PCR-RFLP and multiplex-PCR were used. Results: The distribution of genotypic frequency in the promoter region (CYP2E1 gene) was: 98% wild genotype and 2% heterozygous. Intronic region: 78% wild genotype; 20% heterozygous and 2% homozygous variant. GST enzyme genes: 24% Null GSTM1 and 22% Null GSTT1. Patients with any variant allele of the CYP2E1 gene were grouped in the statistical analyses. Conclusion: Patients with the CYP2E1 variant genotype or Null GSTT1 showed higher risk of presenting DILI (p = 0.09; OR: 4.57; 95% CI: 0.75-27.6). Individuals with both genotypes had no increased risk compared to individuals with one genotype.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/genetics , Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects , Polymorphism, Genetic , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/enzymology , Prospective Studies , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/enzymology , Cytochrome P450 Family 2 , Genotype , Liver/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
2.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 10(2): 198-202, Agosto/2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-915120

ABSTRACT

O modelo hegemônico de remuneração dos serviços de saúde em muitos países, tanto em sistemas públicos quanto naqueles orientados ao mercado de planos privados de saúde, ainda é o de fee-for-service. Este se caracteriza, essencialmente, pelo estímulo à competição por usuários e remuneração por quantidade de serviços produzidos (volume). Não basta mudar o modelo de remuneração sem alterar o modelo assistencial e vice-versa, pois os dois são interdependentes. O importante na escolha de um modelo diferenciado de remuneração é que seja adequado ao tipo de assistência executado e ao objetivo que se deseja atingir. Ao longo de anos de aplicação de determinado modelo assistencial associado a um modelo de remuneração, todo um sistema de saúde fica moldado e programado para um fim. Essa é a principal discussão a ser feita atualmente. Alguns dos problemas do sistema de saúde brasileiro, em especial o suplementar, e que afetam primordialmente o idoso são consequência do modelo adotado há décadas. Para dar conta dessa nova e urgente demanda da sociedade, modelos alternativos de remuneração devem ser implementados para romper o círculo vicioso de sucessão de consultas fragmentadas e descontextualizadas da realidade social e de saúde da pessoa idosa, além da produção de procedimentos desconectados do desfecho esperado.


The hegemonic remuneration model in health services in many countries, both in public and private systems is still fee-for-service. This is characterized, essentially, by the stimulus to the competition for doing procedures and remuneration by quantity of services produced (volume). It is not enough to change the remuneration model without changing the care model, as both are interdependent. What is important in choosing a differentiated remuneration model is if it is appropriate to the type of assistance performed and the objective to be achieved. Throughout years of applying a particular care model associated to a compensation model, a whole health system is shaped and programmed to deliver this result. This is the main discussion to be made nowadays. Some of the problems that we have in our health system, especially the supplementary one, and that primarily affect the elderly, are a consequence of the model adopted decades ago. In order to deal with this new and urgent demand from society, alternative remuneration models must be implemented to break with the vicious circle of succession of fragmented health care of the elderly, as well as the production of procedures disconnected from the expected outcome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Efficiency, Organizational , Delivery of Health Care , Remuneration
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(6): 1929-1936, jun. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952680

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo aborda o desenvolvimento de um modelo de atenção à saúde do idoso, buscando colaborar com a discussão sobre o envelhecimento populacional trazida pela nova realidade epidemiológica e demográfica. Considerando que o processo de envelhecimento no Brasil é relativamente recente, foram descritos movimentos sociais mais relevantes na construção das políticas de saúde voltadas ao idoso. Após a fase descritiva dos marcos, apresentou-se o modelo considerado mais adequado ao melhor cuidado. A partir de uma análise crítica sobre os modelos de atenção à saúde para idosos, o artigo apresenta uma proposta de linha do cuidado para esse segmento, tendo como foco a promoção e a prevenção da saúde, de modo a evitar a sobrecarga do sistema de saúde. Os modelos de cuidados integrados visam resolver o problema dos cuidados fragmentados e mal coordenados nos sistemas de saúde atuais. Quanto mais o profissional conhecer o histórico do seu paciente, melhores serão os resultados; assim devem funcionar os modelos contemporâneos e resolutivos de cuidado recomendados pelos mais importantes organismos nacionais e internacionais de saúde. Um modelo de cuidado de maior qualidade, mais resolutivo e com melhor relação custo-efetividade é a preocupação deste texto.


Abstract The article discusses the development of a health care model for the elderly, seeking to add to the discussion about the aging of the population in the context of a new epidemiological and demographic scenario. Considering that the aging process in Brazil is relatively recent, more relevant social movements have been described in the construction of health policies directed towards the elderly. After an initial description of the main milestones, we present the model of care considered most appropriate for the best care of the elderly. Based on a critical analysis of health care models for the elderly, the article proposes an approach to care for this age group, focusing on health promotion and prevention, in order to avoid overloading the health system. Integrated care models aim to solve the problem of fragmented and poorly coordinated care in current health systems. The more the healthcare professional knows the history of his patient, the better the results; this is how contemporary and resolutive models of care should work, and it is these that are recommended by the most important national and international health agencies. This article is particularly concerned with a care model that is of higher quality, and is more resolutive and cost-effective.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Policy , Health Promotion/methods , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration , Quality of Health Care , Brazil , Aging , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/standards , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Health Services for the Aged/standards , Models, Theoretical
5.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 28(4): e280411, 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-984797

ABSTRACT

Resumo A literatura mostra que a prestação de serviços aos idosos deve ser mais eficiente. Usuários necessitam de serviços que integrem atenção primária e demais serviços, além de equipe de saúde qualificada. O plano de cuidados e a gestão são elementos-chave para o sucesso da assistência. Há necessidade de modificar o modelo assistencial, a começar pela integração e coordenação dos serviços. Este texto é baseado em dois experimentos bem-sucedidos de modelos assistenciais para idosos, o da UnATI-UERJ e do Projeto Idoso Bem-Cuidado, iniciativa da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar, que propõe um modelo inovador de atenção. Ambos são compostos por cinco níveis hierarquizados de cuidado: (1) acolhimento, (2) núcleo integrado de cuidado, (3) ambulatório geriátrico, (4) cuidados complexos de curta duração e (5) cuidados longa duração, nos quais se destacam os três primeiros, nas instâncias leves de cuidado. Identificação do risco e integralidade da atenção nos diferentes pontos da rede são o cerne deste modelo. O principal compromisso do projeto é melhorar a qualidade e a coordenação do atendimento desde a porta de entrada do sistema e ao longo do cuidado, com consequente utilização mais adequada dos recursos e melhor resultado para o paciente.


Abstract The literature shows that the provision of services to the elderly should be more efficient. Users need services that integrate primary care and other services, as well as qualified health staff. The care plan and management are key elements for the success of the care. There is a need to modify the healthcare model, starting with the integration and coordination of services. This text is based on two successful healthcare models for the elderly, that of UnATI-UERJ and the Well-Cared Elderly Project, an initiative of the National Supplementary Health Agency that proposes an innovative model of care. Both are comprised of five hierarchical levels of care - (1) care, (2) integrated care center, (3) geriatric outpatient clinic, (4) short-term complex care and (5) long-term care - the first three stand out, in the light instances of care. Risk identification and completeness of attention at different points in the network are at the heart of this model. The main commitment of the project is to improve the quality and coordination of care from the system's entrance door and throughout care, with consequent better use of system resources, both by health professionals and by users and patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Quality of Health Care , Brazil , Health of the Elderly , Integrality in Health , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration , Home Care Services/organization & administration
6.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. (Online) ; 20(5): 624-633, Sept.-Oct. 2017. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-898790

ABSTRACT

Abstract The present article aims to analyze the changes in supplementary health and their effects on the adherence to and maintenance within health plans of the elderly, to demonstrate the current state of the care model offered, and to begin the debate regarding the importance of changing care models and remuneration in the sector. It was observed that turnover in health plans was lower among the elderly than among the non-elderly population, with greater adherence to individual and pre-regulation plans and a very low adherence to dental plans. The elderly were also more representative over the previous year, demonstrating a greater need for permanence in times of economic crisis. Care and cost data point to the urgent need to reformulate the care practice, supported by structures that are practically non-existent in Brazilian supplemental health care today and are not funded in the sector (such as palliative care and care management physicians, among others). AU


Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as mudanças ocorridas na saúde suplementar e seus reflexos na adesão e manutenção dos idosos nos planos de saúde, demonstrar o estado atual do modelo de assistência oferecido e iniciar o debate sobre a importância da mudança nos modelos assistenciais e de remuneração no setor. Pode-se perceber menor rotatividade dos idosos nos planos de saúde quando comparados à população não idosa, com maior adesão a planos individuais e anteriores à regulamentação; baixíssima adesão a planos odontológicos; e maior representatividade dos idosos no último ano, demonstrando maior necessidade de permanência em momentos de crise econômica. Dados assistenciais e de custo apontam a urgente necessidade de reformulação da prática de cuidado, com apoio de estruturas hoje praticamente não existentes na saúde suplementar brasileira e não financiadas no setor (como cuidados paliativos, médicos gerenciadores do cuidado, entre outras). AU


Subject(s)
Old Age Assistance , Comprehensive Health Care , Supplemental Health , Health Services for the Aged
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(6): 396-403, June 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841801

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND To cope with the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), new molecular methods that can routinely be used to screen for a wide range of drug resistance related genetic markers in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of multiplex ligaton-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) against Genotype® MTBDRplus to detect resistance to isoniazid (INHr) and rifampicin (RIFr). METHOD 96 culture isolates characterised for identification, drug susceptibility testing (DST) and sequencing of rpoB, katG, and inhA genes were evaluated by the MLPA and Genotype®MTBDRplus assays. RESULTS With sequencing as a reference standard, sensitivity (SE) to detect INHr was 92.8% and 85.7%, and specificity (SP) was 100% and 97.5%, for MLPA and Genotype®MTBDRplus, respectively. In relation to RIFr, SE was 87.5% and 100%, and SP was 100% and 98.8%, respectively. Kappa value was identical between Genotype®MTBDRplus and MLPA compared with the standard DST and sequencing for detection of INHr [0.83 (0.75-0.91)] and RIFr [0.93 (0.88-0.98)]. CONCLUSION Compared to Genotype®MTBDRplus, MLPA showed similar sensitivity to detect INH and RIF resistance. The results obtained by the MLPA and Genotype®MTBDRplus assays indicate that both molecular tests can be used for the rapid detection of drug-resistant TB with high accuracy. MLPA has the added value of providing information on the circulating M. tuberculosis lineages.


Subject(s)
Humans , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Drug Resistance , Anti-Bacterial Agents
9.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 21(3): 317-324, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839213

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Mycobacterium tuberculosis East African-Indian (EAI) spoligotyping family (belonging to lineage 1, Indo-Oceanic, defined by the region of deletion RD239) is distributed worldwide, but is more prevalent in Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa. Studies in Latin America have rarely identified EAI. In this study, we describe the occurrence of the EAI family in Brazil. Methods: EAI was identified in a systematic literature review of genetic diversity studies pertaining to M. tuberculosis in Brazil, as well as in a survey conducted in Salvador, Bahia, located in the northeastern region of this country. Results: The EAI6-BGD1 spoligotyping family and the EAI5 Spoligotype International Type (SIT) 1983 clade were the most frequently reported, with wide distribution of this particular clade described in Brazil. The distribution of other EAI spoligotyping patterns with broader worldwide distribution was restricted to the southeastern region of the country. Conclusions: EAI may be endemic at a low frequency in Brazil, with some clades indicating increased fitness with respect to this population.


Subject(s)
DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Brazil , Phylogeography , Genotype , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classification
10.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(2): 94-99, Feb. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841768

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND In high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries, there are few data on the performance of new molecular commercialised assays developed locally. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a new molecular commercialised assay for TB diagnosis (Detect-TB) in three laboratories. METHODS A total of 302 sputum samples from an equal number of patients with presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) were submitted for routine smear microscopy, culture, and Detect-TB assay at three different sites in Brazil (the cities of Caxias do Sul, São Paulo and Canoas). FINDINGS Seventy four (24.7%) TB cases were diagnosed (65 bacteriologically confirmed). When compared to smear microscopy/culture results, the overall sensitivity and specificity of Detect-TB assay was 84.6% (CI 95%; 73.7-91.6) and 93.1% (CI 95%; 89.1-95.8), respectively. When compared to bacteriological and clinical diagnostic criteria, the sensitivity and specificity of Detect-TB assay was 74.3% (CI 95%; 63.3-82.9) and 92.9% (CI 95%; 88.7-95.6), respectively. Among the three sites - Caxias do Sul, São Paulo and Canoas - the sensitivity and specificity were respectively 94.7% and 97.8%; 71.4% and 93.9%, 82.1% and 88.9%. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the Detect-TB assay could be applied routinely in reference laboratories across different regions in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Brazil , DNA, Bacterial , False Negative Reactions
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(1): 179-190, jan. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-839905

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é descrever as coberturas de planos de saúde no Brasil, conforme características sociodemográficas, a partir dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, realizada em 2013, e comparar com dados administrativos da Agencia Nacional de Saúde Suplementar para este mesmo ano. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde e do Sistema de Informações de Beneficiários da Agência Nacional de Saúde para o ano de 2013. Foi descrita a cobertura dos planos de saúde segundo estratificação para Brasil, urbano/rural, Grandes Regiões, Unidades da Federação e Capitais, sexo, faixa etária, nível de instrução, posição na força de trabalho, cor/raça e estado de saúde. Como resultado, a proporção de pessoas que referiu ter algum plano de saúde no Brasil foi de 27,9% (IC95%: 27,1-28,8). Foi observada diferença significativa com relação a nível de instrução, sendo maior para os que referiram ter educação superior completa (68,8% IC95%: 67,2-70,4) e para aqueles que referiram ter ocupação (32,5% IC95%: 31,5-33,5). O aumento da cobertura de planos de saúde na população brasileira reflete a melhora da oferta de empregos e do crescimento da economia do país na época.


Abstract This study aims to present the percentages of the Brazilian population holding health insurance plans, itemized by social-demographic characteristics, based on the data of the National Health Survey carried out in 2013, and to compare this information with the administrative data of the National Supplementary Health Agency for the same year. Data from the National Health Survey, and from the Beneficiaries Information System of the National Health Agency for the year 2013, were used. The percentage of people having a health plan was described according to stratification for: all of Brazil, urban/rural, Brazilian official Regions, Brazilian States and state capitals, gender, age group, level of schooling, position in the workforce, ethnic classification, and self-assessed state of health. Results include the following: The percentage of people saying they had some health plan in Brazil was 27.9% (CI 95%: 27.1-28.8). A significant difference was found relating to level of schooling – the percentage being highest for those who stated they had complete secondary education (68.8% CI 95%: 67.2-70.4) and for those who said they were currently in work (32.5% CI 95%: 31.5-33.5). The increase in health plan coverage in the Brazilian population reflects the improvement of the suply of employment and the growth in the country's economy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Insurance Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Health Surveys , Educational Status
12.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 26(4): 1383-1394, Out.-Dez. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-842073

ABSTRACT

Resumo A partir de uma análise crítica sobre os atuais modelos de atenção à saúde para idosos, este artigo apresenta uma proposta de linha do cuidado para este segmento etário, tendo como foco a promoção e a prevenção da saúde, de modo a evitar a sobrecarga do sistema de saúde. Enfatiza-se o setor suplementar, pois como um quarto da população utiliza este sistema, uma discussão mais minuciosa se faz necessária. O conhecimento científico já identificou corretamente os fatores de risco para a população idosa, mas isso não basta. É prioritário utilizar esse conhecimento para efetuar a necessária transição do modelo assistencial clínico para o preventivo. Este precisa se configurar como um fluxo de ações de educação, promoção da saúde, prevenção de doenças evitáveis, postergação de moléstias, cuidado precoce e reabilitação de agravos. Não se nega a importância das instâncias pesadas (hospital, instituições de longa permanência, entre outras), mas estamos particularmente preocupados com uma abordagem contemporânea, que cuide de forma adequada o idoso e diminua custos. Se não for deste modo, o sistema se torna inviável.


Abstract From a critical analysis of current models of health care for the elderly, this article proposes a care line for this age group, focusing on the promotion and health prevention in order to avoid overloading the health system. It emphasizes the supplementary sector, since a quarter of the population uses this system, a more thorough discussion is needed. Scientific knowledge has correctly identified the risk factors for the elderly, but this is not enough. It is a priority to use this knowledge to make the necessary transition from the clinical care to preventive model. This needs to be configured as a stream of education initiatives, health promotion, prevention of preventable diseases, postponement of diseases, early care and rehabilitation of injuries. There is no denying the importance of heavy bodies (hospital, long-term care facilities, etc.), but we are particularly concerned about an approach that improves the quality of life and decrease costs. If not so, the system becomes impractical.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging , Chronic Disease/prevention & control , Health of the Elderly , Health Promotion , Primary Prevention , Supplemental Health , Quality of Life
13.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. (Online) ; 19(6): 887-905, Nov.-Dec. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042288

ABSTRACT

Abstract Greater knowlegde of patient history among health professionals leads to improved results. This is how the contemporary and resolutive models of care recommended by the most important national and international health agencies work. Current models of care stem from a time when Brazil was a country of young people and acute diseases. But the desire for a higher quality, more efficient and more cost-effective model of care is not only a Brazilian phenomenon. The whole world is debating the issue, recognizing the need for change and proposing improvements in their health systems. The same thing is occurring here. The theme of this text, as Dr. Martha de Oliveira, director of the Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (National Agency Of Supplementary Health) (ANS) comments below, is in agreement with this movement. We advocate a logic that prioritizes low-intensity interventions and constant monitoring, with the doctor responsible for a portfolio of clients who he or she accompanies throughout the different care settings. The text proposes integrated medical treatment, a flow of educational actions, health promotion, the prevention of preventable diseases, the postponement of illness, early care intervention and rehabilitation from sickness. It is time to change and innovate!


Resumo Sabemos que quanto mais o profissional de saúde conhece o histórico do seu paciente, melhores serão os resultados. É assim que devem funcionar os modelos contemporâneos e resolutivos de cuidado recomendados pelos mais importantes organismos nacionais e internacionais de saúde. Os modelos assistenciais vigentes são do tempo em que o Brasil era um país de jovens e de doenças aguda. A preocupação com um modelo de cuidado de maior qualidade, mais resolutivo e com melhor relação custo efetividade, não é uma preocupação somente brasileira. O mundo todo está debatendo o tema, reconhecendo a necessidade de mudanças e propondo melhorias em seus sistemas de saúde. O mesmo ocorre entre nós, a reflexão deste texto, comentado pela Dra. Martha de Oliveira, diretora da ANS, está em sintonia com esse movimento. Estamos privilegiando a lógica que valoriza as instâncias leves e o monitoramento constante, o médico responsável por uma carteira de clientes e que os acompanha em todas as instâncias de cuidado. Como se vê, o texto propõem um cuidado integrado, um fluxo de ações de educação, promoção da saúde, prevenção de doenças evitáveis, postergação de moléstias, cuidado precoce e reabilitação de agravos. Ë hora de mudar e inovar!

14.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(3): 236-242, May-June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784310

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Objective: Despite the progress in the implementation of health promotion programs in the workplace, there are no questionnaires in Brazil to assess the scope of health promotion interventions adopted and their scientific basis. This study aimed to translate into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapt the CDC Worksite Health ScoreCard (HSC) questionnaire. Method: The HSC has 100 questions grouped into twelve domains. The steps are as follows: translation, reconciliation, back-translation, review by expert panel, pretesting, and final revision. The convenience sample included 27 individuals from health insurance providers and companies of various sizes, types and industries in São Paulo. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The average age of the sample was 38 years, most of the subjects were female (21 of 27), and were responsible for programs to promote health in these workplaces. Most questions were above the minimum value of understanding set at 90%. The participants found the questionnaire very useful to determine the extent of existing health promotion programs and to pinpoint areas that could be developed. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the HSC questionnaire may be a valid measure and useful to assess the degree of implementation of health promotion interventions based on evidence in local health organizations.


RESUMO Objetivo: apesar do avanço na implementação dos Programas de Promoção da Saúde nos locais de trabalho, não temos disponível no Brasil um questionário que avalie a abrangência das intervenções de promoção da saúde adotadas e seu embasamento científico. Este estudo teve o objetivo de traduzir para o português brasileiro e adaptar culturalmente o questionário CDC Worksite Health ScoreCard (HSC). Método: o HSC possui 100 questões agrupadas em doze domínios. Foram seguidas as etapas: tradução, reconciliação, retro-tradução, revisão pelo painel de especialistas, pré-teste e revisão final. A amostra de conveniência incluiu 27 indivíduos de operadoras de planos de saúde e empresas de diversos tamanhos, tipos e indústrias do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: a média de idade da amostra foi de 38 anos; a maioria dos indivíduos eram do sexo feminino (21 de 27) e eram os responsáveis pelos programas de promoção da saúde desses locais de trabalho. A maioria das questões ficou acima do nível mínimo de compreensão de 90%. Os indivíduos consideraram o questionário muito útil para determinar a abrangência dos programas de promoção da saúde existentes e apontar áreas que poderiam ser desenvolvidas. Conclusão: a versão em português brasileiro do questionário HSC poderá ser uma ferramenta válida e útil para medir o grau de implantação das intervenções de promoção da saúde baseadas em evidências em organizações de saúde locais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Translations , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Occupational Health , Workplace , Health Promotion , Brazil , Program Evaluation/standards , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Reproducibility of Results , Cultural Characteristics
15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 20(4): 1005-1016, abr. 2015. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-744895

ABSTRACT

This article aims to compare the trends for risk and protective factors for NCD in the population with and without health insurance. Analysis of temporal trends of the Vigitel phone survey, collected annually in adult population. Were used analyzed the temporal series of variables referent to risk and protective factors for NCD, from 2008 to 2013. Variables were compared according to the possession or not of health insurance using simple linear regression model. There was a reduction in the prevalence of smoking in the population with and without health insurance, in 0.72% and 0,69% per year respectively. The consumption of fruits and vegetables grew 0,8% and 0.72% per year respectively among the population with and without health insurance. Physical activity in leisure time increased 1.17% and 1.01% per year among population with and without health insurance. Excess weight increased in 1.03% and obesity in 0.74% p.y in the population with health insurance and 1.53% and 0.95% p.y without health insurance. Mammography increased 2.4% in the population without health insurance. Vigitel monitoring showed improvement in the indicators in the population with and without health insurance.


O objetivo deste artigo é comparar as tendências dos fatores de risco e proteção de DCNT na população com e sem planos de saúde. São analisadas tendências temporais do inquérito telefônico Vigitel, realizado anualmente junto à população adulta nas capitais. Foram realizadas análises de série temporal das variáveis referentes aos fatores de risco e proteção de DCNT, no período entre 2008 a 2013. Foram comparadas as variáveis segundo a posse de planos de saúde, utilizando-se modelo de regressão linear simples. Reduziu a prevalência do tabagismo na população com e sem planos de saúde, em 0,72% e 0,69% ao ano respectivamente. O consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras cresceu 0,8% e 0,72% ao ano respectivamente na população com e sem planos de saúde. A prática de atividade física no tempo livre aumentou 1,17% e 1,01% ao ano na população com e sem planos. O excesso de peso aumentou em 1,03% e 0,74% ao ano na população com planos e sem planos, enquanto que a obesidade aumentou 1,53% e 0,95% ao ano com e sem planos, respectivamente. A mamografia aumentou 2,4% na população sem planos de saúde. O monitoramento do Vigitel mostrou melhora nos indicadores na população com planos e sem planos de saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Insurance, Health , Time Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Protective Factors
16.
J. bras. pneumol ; 40(4): 403-410, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721462

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of anemia and of its types in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: This was a descriptive, longitudinal study involving pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients at one of two tuberculosis referral hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We evaluated body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), arm muscle area (AMA), ESR, mean corpuscular volume, and red blood cell distribution width (RDW), as well as the levels of C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, transferrin, and ferritin. RESULTS: We included 166 patients, 126 (75.9%) of whom were male. The mean age was 39.0 ± 10.7 years. Not all data were available for all patients: 18.7% were HIV positive; 64.7% were alcoholic; the prevalences of anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia were, respectively, 75.9% and 2.4%; and 68.7% had low body weight (mean BMI = 18.21 kg/m2). On the basis of TST and AMA, 126 (78.7%) of 160 patients and 138 (87.9%) of 157 patients, respectively, were considered malnourished. Anemia was found to be associated with the following: male gender (p = 0.03); low weight (p = 0.0004); low mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.03);high RDW (p = 0; 0003); high ferritin (p = 0.0005); and high ESR (p = 0.004). We also found significant differences between anemic and non-anemic patients in terms of BMI (p = 0.04), DCT (p = 0.003), and ESR (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, high proportions of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were classified as underweight and malnourished, and there was a high prevalence of anemia of chronic disease. In addition, anemia was associated with high ESR and malnutrition. .


OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de anemia e de seus tipos em pacientes internados com tuberculose pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e longitudinal com pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar hospitalizados em dois hospitais de referência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Foram avaliados o índice de massa corpórea (IMC), dobra cutânea tricipital (DCT), área muscular do braço (AMB), VHS, volume globular médio e red blood cell distribution width (RDW, índice de anisocitose eritrocitária), assim como os níveis de proteína C reativa, hemoglobina, transferrina e ferritina. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 166 pacientes, sendo 126 (75,9%) do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi de 39,0 ± 10,7 anos. Alguns dados não estavam disponíveis para todos os pacientes: 18,7% eram portadores de HIV; 64,7% eram etilistas; as prevalências de anemia da doença crônica e de anemia ferropriva foram, respectivamente, de 75,9% e 2,4%; e 68,7% apresentaram baixo peso (média do IMC = 18,21 kg/m2). Com base em DCT e AMB, respectivamente, 126/160 pacientes (78,7%) e 138/157 pacientes (87,9%) foram considerados desnutridos. A presença de anemia associou-se às seguintes variáveis: sexo masculino (p = 0,03), baixo peso (p = 0,0004), baixo volume globular médio (p = 0,03), alto RDW (p = 0,0003), alto nível de ferritina (p = 0,0005) e de VHS (p = 0,004). Houve diferenças significativas entre pacientes anêmicos e não anêmicos em relação a IMC (p = 0,04), DCT (p = 0,003) e VHS (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Nesta amostra, a proporção de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar classificados com baixo peso e desnutrição foi elevada, assim como a prevalência de anemia da doença crônica. Além disso, a anemia associou-se a VHS elevada e desnutrição. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anemia/etiology , Malnutrition/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Age Factors , Anemia/classification , Anemia/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitalization , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Sex Factors
17.
J. bras. pneumol ; 40(3): 269-278, May-Jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-714688

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine whether serum selenium levels are associated with the conversion of bacteriological tests in patients diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis after eight weeks of standard treatment. Methods: We evaluated 35 healthy male controls and 35 male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the latter being evaluated at baseline, as well as at 30 and 60 days of antituberculosis treatment. For all participants, we measured anthropometric indices, as well as determining serum levels of albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and selenium. Because there are no reference values for the Brazilian population, we used the median of the serum selenium level of the controls as the cut-off point. At 30 and 60 days of antituberculosis treatment, we repeated the biochemical tests, as well as collecting sputum for smear microscopy and culture from the patients. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.4 ± 11.4 years. Of the 35 patients, 25 (71%) described themselves as alcoholic; 20 (57.0%) were smokers; and 21 (60.0%) and 32 (91.4%) presented with muscle mass depletion as determined by measuring the triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle area, respectively. Of 24 patients, 12 (39.2%) were classified as moderately or severely emaciated, and 15 (62.5%) had lost > 10% of their body weight by six months before diagnosis. At baseline, the tuberculosis group had lower serum selenium levels than did the control group. The conversion of bacteriological tests was associated with the CRP/albumin ratio and serum selenium levels 60 days after treatment initiation. Conclusions: Higher serum selenium levels after 60 days of treatment were associated with the conversion of bacteriological tests in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. .


Objetivo: Determinar se os níveis séricos de selênio estão associados à conversão dos testes bacteriológicos em pacientes diagnosticados com tuberculose pulmonar ativa após oito semanas de tratamento-padrão. Métodos: No início do estudo, avaliamos 35 controles saudáveis, do sexo masculino, e 35 pacientes do sexo masculino com tuberculose pulmonar. Estes foram também avaliados após 30 e 60 dias de tratamento antituberculose. Todos os participantes submeteram-se a medições antropométricas e quantificação dos níveis séricos de albumina, proteína C reativa (PCR) e selênio. Como não há valores de referência para a população brasileira, usamos a mediana dos resultados de selênio sérico dos controles como ponto de corte. Aos 30 e 60 dias do tratamento antituberculose, todos os testes bioquímicos foram repetidos, e foram coletadas amostras de escarro para baciloscopia e cultura. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 38,4 ± 11.4 anos. Dos 35 pacientes, 25 (71,0%) referiram alcoolismo, 20 (57,0%) eram fumantes, e 21 (60,0%) e 32 (91,4%) apresentavam depleção muscular pela medição da dobra cutânea tricipital e da área muscular do braço, respectivamente. De 24 pacientes, 12 (39,2%) foram classificados em moderadamente ou gravemente magros, e 15 (62,5%) apresentaram perda de peso > 10% em até seis meses antes do diagnóstico. No início do estudo, o grupo com tuberculose apresentou menores níveis de selênio sérico que os controles. A conversão dos testes bacteriológicos associou-se à relação PCR/albumina e aos níveis de selênio sérico 60 dias após o início do tratamento. Conclusões: Níveis maiores de selênio sérico após 60 ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Albumins/analysis , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Selenium/blood , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
18.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(3): 307-314, 06/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-711730

ABSTRACT

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB control and is a major public health concern in several countries. We therefore developed a multiplex assay (LINE-TB/MDR) that is able to identify the most frequent mutations related to rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) resistance. The assay is based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction, membrane hybridisation and colorimetric detection targeting of rpoB and katG genes, as well as the inhA promoter, which are all known to carry specific mutations associated with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). The assay was validated on a reference panel of 108 M. tuberculosis isolates that were characterised by the proportion method and by DNA sequencing of the targets. When comparing the performance of LINE-TB/MDR with DNA sequencing, the sensitivity, specificity and agreement were 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively, for RMP and 77.6%, 90.6% and 88.9%, respectively, for INH. Using drug sensibility testing as a reference standard, the performance of LINE-TB/MDR regarding sensitivity, specificity and agreement was 100%, 100% and 100% (95%), respectively, for RMP and 77%, 100% and 88.7% (82.2-95.1), respectively, for INH. LINE-TB/MDR was compared with GenoType MTBDRplus for 65 isolates, resulting in an agreement of 93.6% (86.7-97.5) for RIF and 87.4% (84.3-96.2) for INH. LINE-TB/MDR warrants further clinical validation and may be an affordable alternative for MDR-TB diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Catalase/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Oxidoreductases/genetics , Colorimetry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Genotyping Techniques , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Rifampin/pharmacology
19.
J. bras. pneumol ; 39(6): 719-727, Nov-Dec/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697783

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe serum levels of the cytokines IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, as well as polymorphisms in the genes involved in their transcription, and their association with markers of the acute inflammatory response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: This was a descriptive, longitudinal study involving 81 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated at two referral hospitals. We collected data on sociodemographic variables and evaluated bacteriological conversion at the eighth week of antituberculosis treatment, gene polymorphisms related to the cytokines studied, and serum levels of those cytokines, as well as those of C-reactive protein (CRP). We also determined the ESR and CD4+ counts. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 43 years; 67 patients (82.7%) were male; and 8 patients (9.9%) were infected with HIV. The ESR was highest in the patients with high IFN-γ levels and low IL-10 levels. IFN-γ and TNF-α gene polymorphisms at positions +874 and −238, respectively, showed no correlations with the corresponding cytokine serum levels. Low IL-10 levels were associated with IL-10 gene polymorphisms at positions −592 and −819 (but not −1082). There was a negative association between bacteriological conversion at the eighth week of treatment and CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that genetic markers and markers of acute inflammatory response are useful in predicting the response to antituberculosis treatment. .


OBJETIVO: Descrever os níveis séricos das citocinas IL-10, TNF-α e IFN-γ, assim como polimorfismos presentes em genes envolvidos na sua transcrição, e sua associação com marcadores de resposta inflamatória aguda em pacientes com tuberculose. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e longitudinal realizado em 81 pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar atendidos em dois hospitais de referência. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas, conversão bacteriológica na oitava semana de tratamento antituberculose, polimorfismos relacionados às citocinas estudadas, níveis séricos dessas citocinas, assim como de proteína C reativa (PCR). Também foram avaliados VHS e contagem de CD4+. RESULTADOS: A mediana de idade dos pacientes era de 43 anos, sendo 67 (82,7%) do sexo masculino e 8 (9,9%) infectados por HIV. Os pacientes com níveis elevados de IFN-γ e baixos níveis de IL-10 apresentaram valores mais elevados de VHS. Não houve associação dos polimorfismos do gene IFN-γ na posição +874 e do gene TNF-α na posição −238 com os níveis das citocinas correspondentes. Houve uma associação entre polimorfismos do gene IL-10 nas posições −592 e −819 (mas não −1082) e baixos níveis de IL-10. Houve uma associação negativa entre a taxa de conversão bacteriológica na oitava semana de tratamento e níveis de PCR. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados sugerem que marcadores genéticos e de resposta inflamatória aguda podem ser úteis na predição da resposta ao tratamento antituberculose. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Interferon-gamma/blood , /blood , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Blood Sedimentation , Biomarkers/blood , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Genetic Markers , Interferon-gamma/genetics , /genetics , Longitudinal Studies , Polymorphism, Genetic , Socioeconomic Factors , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
20.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 37(2): 230-240, abr.- jun. 2013. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-757651

ABSTRACT

O desenvolvimento de programas para promoção de saúde e prevenção de riscos e doenças tem como objetivo a identificação oportuna e o monitoramento dos riscos em saúde, a compressão da morbidade para idades mais avançadas e a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos beneficiários de planos privados de assistência à saúde, visto que grande parte das doenças que acomete a população é passível de prevenção. Como um desdobramento da Agenda Regulatória da ANS, foi constituído um grupo de trabalho com representantes da ANS, da academia, de operadoras e de prestadores de serviços de saúde com o objetivo de discutir o processo de envelhecimento ativo ao longo do curso da vida e propor mecanismos para incentivar a adesão de beneficiários em programa...


The development of programs for the promotion of health and prevention of diseases and risks aims the advisable identification and monitoring of health risks, the reduction of morbidity rates in old people and the improvement of quality of life of beneficiaries of private health care, since the majority of diseases affecting the population is preventable. As an offshoot of the Regulatory Agenda from ANS (National Agency for Supplementary Health), a working group with representatives from the ANS, the Academy, operators and providers of health services was formed to discuss the process of active aging throughout a life course and propose mechanisms to encourage membership of beneficiaries in programs for health promotion and prevention of risks and diseases. Furthermore, the process of Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) was done. The need to develop a normative instrument for defining the concepts related to health promotion and the scope of programs modeling was highlighted. Until August 2011, prior to the publication of the Regulatory Resolutions no. 264and no. 265, ANS had a databank of 127 approved programs, with an estimated participation of 198 000 beneficiaries. After eleven months of the term of the new regulations, there were a total of 750 programs reported in the ANS, with a...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Disease Prevention , Health Promotion/standards , Supplemental Health/history , Social Control, Formal/methods
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